Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/265 of 25 February 2016 on the approval of the MELCO Motor Generator as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilText with EEA relevance

Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/265 of 25 February 2016 on the approval of the MELCO Motor Generator as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emissions performance standards for new passenger cars as part of the Community's integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 1. , and in particular Article 12(4) thereof, Whereas: (1) On 27 May 2015 the supplier Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (MELCO), represented in the Union by Mitsubishi Electric Automotive Europe B.V. (the Applicant), submitted an application for the approval of its second innovative technology: the MELCO motor generator. The completeness of the application was assessed in accordance with Article 4 of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 of 25 July 2011 establishing a procedure for the approval and certification of innovative technologies for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 194, 26.7.2011, p. 19). . The application was found to be complete and the period granted to the Commission for its assessment of the application, pursuant to Article 10(2) of that Regulation, started on 28 May 2015. (2) The application has been assessed in accordance with Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009, Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 and the Technical Guidelines for the preparation of applications for the approval of innovative technologies pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 https://circabc.europa.eu/d/a/workspace/SpacesStore/42c4a33e-6fd7-44aa-adac-f28620bd436f/Technical%20Guidelines%20February%202013.pdf (the Technical Guidelines). The information provided in the application demonstrates that the conditions and criteria referred to in Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and in Articles 2 and 4 of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 have been met. (3) The MELCO motor generator has a generator function similar to a regular alternator. As compared to a baseline alternator, it reduces stator copper loss by way of an ultra-high fill-factor stator manufactured by an ultra-high density wire winding method and by way of a new 2-way cooling structure. It also reduces stator iron loss by way of a thin and high-grade electromagnetic steel stator core. Finally, it reduces rectification loss by way of a new Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor module. (4) The Applicant has demonstrated that a motor generator of the kind described in the application was fitted in 3 % or less of all new passenger cars registered in the reference year 2009 in accordance with Article 2(2)(a) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011.

(5) In order to determine the CO2 savings that the innovative technology will deliver when fitted to a vehicle, it is necessary to define the baseline technology against which the efficiency of the innovative technology should be compared, as provided for in Articles 5 and 8 of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011. In accordance with the simplified approach chosen by the Applicant and described in the Technical Guidelines, it is appropriate to consider a 12 V alternator with 67 % efficiency as the baseline technology, as designated by the Applicant. (6) The Applicant has provided a methodology for testing and calculating the CO2 reductions which includes formulae that are consistent with the formulae described in the Technical Guidelines for the simplified approach with regard to efficient alternators. In order to accurately determine the statistical significance the formula should however also take into account the need to evaluate the mass of the motor generator as compared to the mass of the baseline alternator (i.e. 7 kg). In order to ensure that the same weighting factors and speed points are used, the manufacturer should, for the purpose of certifying the savings, provide evidence that the speed ranges of the MELCO motor generator are consistent with those applicable to alternators. Such methodology will provide results that are verifiable, repeatable and comparable and it is capable of demonstrating in a realistic manner the CO2 emissions benefits of the innovative technology with strong statistical significance in accordance with Article 6 of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011. (7) Against that background, the Applicant has demonstrated satisfactorily that the emission reduction achieved by the innovative technology is at least 1 g CO2/km. (8) The savings of the innovative technology may be partially demonstrated on the standard test cycle, and the final total savings for the purpose of the certification of a vehicle fitted with the innovative technology in accordance with Article 11 of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 should therefore be determined in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 8(2) of that Implementing Regulation. (9) The verification report established by the accredited technical service UTAC, which is an independent and certified body, supports the findings set out in the application. (10) Therefore, no objections should be raised as regards the approval of the innovative technology in question. (11) For the purposes of determining the general eco-innovation code to be used in the relevant type approval documents in accordance with Annexes I, VIII and IX to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 September 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework Directive) (OJ L 263, 9.10.2007, p. 1).

, the individual code to be used for the innovative technology approved by this Decision should be specified, HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1

1. The MELCO motor generator as described in the application submitted by Mitsubishi Electric Automotive Europe B.V., representing Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (MELCO) in the Union, intended for use in vehicles of category M1 is approved as an innovative technology within the meaning of Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009.
2. The CO2 emissions reduction from the use of the motor generator referred to in paragraph 1 shall be determined using the methodology set out in the Annex.
3. The code of the eco-innovation to be entered into type approval documentation for the innovative technology approved by this Decision shall be 16.

Article 2

This Decision shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. Done at Brussels, 25 February 2016. For the Commission The President Jean-Claude Juncker

Annex

ANNEX

1. INTRODUCTION In order to determine the CO2 savings that can be attributed to the use of the motor generator in an M1 vehicle, it is necessary to specify the following: (1) the testing conditions; (2) the test equipment; (3) the determination of the efficiency of the innovative technology and the baseline technology; (4) the calculation of the CO2 savings; (5) the calculation of the statistical error and significance of the results.
2. SYMBOLS, PARAMETERS AND UNITS Latin symbols CCO2CO2 savings [g CO2/km]CO2Carbon dioxideCFConversion factor (l/100 km) — (g CO2/km) [gCO2/l] as defined in Table 3hFrequency as defined in Table 1ICurrent intensity at which the measurement shall be carried out [A]mNumber of measurements of the sampleMTorque [Nm]nRotational frequency [min– 1] as defined in Table 1PPower [W]sηMGStandard deviation of the motor generator efficiency [%]s ηMGStandard deviation of the motor generator efficiency mean [%]SCCO2Standard deviation of the total CO2 savings [g CO2/km]UTest voltage at which the measurement shall be carried out [V]vMean driving speed of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) [km/h]VPeConsumption of effective power [l/kWh] as defined in Table 2Sensitivity of calculated CO2 savings related to the efficiency of the motor generator Greek symbols ΔDifferenceηBBaseline alternator efficiency [%] ηMGMotor generator efficiency [%]ηMGiMean of the motor generator efficiency at operating point i [%] Subscripts Index (i) refers to operating point Index (j) refers to measurement of the sample MGMotor generatormMechanicalRWReal-world conditionsTAType approval conditionsBBaseline
3. TEST CONDITIONS The testing conditions shall fulfil the requirements specified in ISO 8854:2012 ISO 8854:2012 Road vehicles — Alternators with regulators — Test methods and general requirements Reference number ISO 8854:2012, published on 1 June 2012. .
4. TEST EQUIPMENT The test equipment shall be in accordance with the specifications set out in ISO 8854:2012

ISO 8854:2012 Road vehicles — Alternators with regulators — Test methods and general requirements Reference number ISO 8854:2012, published on 1 June 2012. . 5. MEASUREMENTS AND DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY The efficiency of the motor generator shall be determined in accordance with ISO 8854:2012, with the exception of the elements specified in the present paragraph. Evidence shall be provided to the type approval authority that the speed ranges of the motor generator are consistent with those described below. The measurements shall be conducted at different operating points i, as defined in Table 1. The motor generator current intensity is defined as half of the rated current for all operating points. For each speed the voltage and the output current of the motor generator are to be kept constant, the voltage at 14,3 V. Table 1 Operating points Operating point i Holding time [s] Rotational frequency ni [min– 1] Frequency hi 1120018000,252120030000,40360060000,254300100000,10 The efficiency shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 1. Formula 1 ηMGi60UiIi2πMini100 All efficiency measurements are to be performed consecutively at least five (5) times. The average of the measurements at each operating point (ηMGi) has to be calculated. The efficiency of the motor generator (ηMG) shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 2. Formula 2 ηMG4i1hiηMGi The motor generator leads to saved mechanical power under real-world conditions (ΔPmRW) and type approval conditions (ΔPmTA) as defined in Formula 3. Formula 3 ΔPm = ΔPmRW – ΔPmTA Where the saved mechanical power under real-world conditions (ΔPmRW) is calculated in accordance with Formula 4 and the saved mechanical power under type-approval conditions (ΔPmTA) in accordance with Formula 5. Formula 4 ΔPmRWPRWηBPRWηMG Formula 5 ΔPmTAPTAηBPTAηMG where PRWPower requirement under 'real-world' conditions [W], which is 750 WPTAPower requirement under type-approval conditions [W], which is 350 WηBEfficiency of the baseline alternator [%], which is 67 % 6. CALCULATION OF THE CO2 SAVINGS The CO2 savings of the motor generator are to be calculated with the following formula. Formula 6 CCO2ΔPmVPeCFv where vMean driving speed of the NEDC [km/h], which is 33,58 km/hVPe Consumption of effective power [l/kWh] as defined in the following Table 2 Table 2 Consumption of effective power Type of engine Consumption of effective power (VPe) [l/kWh] Petrol0,264Petrol Turbo0,280Diesel0,220CF Conversion factor (l/100 km) — (g CO2/km) [gCO2/l] as defined in the following Table 3 Table 3 Fuel conversion factor Type of fuel Conversion factor (l/100 km) — (g CO2/km) (CF) [gCO2/l] Petrol2330Diesel2640 7. CALCULATION OF THE STATISTICAL ERROR The statistical errors in the results of the testing methodology caused by the measurements are to be quantified. For each operating point the standard deviation is calculated as defined by the following formula: Formula 7 s ηMGisηEIimjimηMGijηMGi2mm1 The standard deviation of the efficiency value of the motor generator (sηMG) is calculated in accordance with Formula 8:

Formula 8 sηMG4i1his ηMGi2 The standard deviation of the motor generator efficiency (sηMG) leads to an error in the CO2 savings (sCCO2). That error is calculated in accordance with Formula 9: Formula 9 8. STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE It has to be demonstrated for each type, variant and version of a vehicle fitted with the motor generator that the error in the CO2 savings calculated in accordance with Formula 9 is not greater than the difference between the total CO2 savings and the minimum savings threshold specified in Article 9(1) of Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 (see Formula 10). Formula 10 MTCCO2sCCO2ΔCO2m where: MTMinimum threshold [gCO2/km], which is 1 gCO2/kmΔCO2m CO2 correction coefficient due to the positive mass difference between the motor generator and the baseline alternator. For ΔCO2m the data in Table 4 is to be used. Table 4 CO2 correction coefficient due to the extra mass Type of fuel CO2 correction coefficient due to the extra mass (ΔCO2m) [g CO2/km] Petrol0,0277 · ΔmDiesel0,0383 · Δm In Table 4 Δm is the extra mass due to the installation of the motor generator. It is the positive difference between the mass of the motor generator and the mass of the baseline alternator. The mass of the baseline alternator is 7 kg. 9. THE MOTOR GENERATOR TO BE FITTED IN VEHICLES The type approval authority is to certify the CO2 savings based on measurements of the motor generator and the baseline alternator using the test methodology set out in this Annex. Where the CO2 emission savings are below the threshold specified in Article 9(1), the second subparagraph of Article 11(2) of Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 shall apply.